1. Executive Overview & Statutory Background
Section 48 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 governs the issuance of No Objection Certificates (Form 28). It is a mandatory document certifying that the originating RTO has no tax claims, crime notices, or liens against the vehicle, paving the way for re-registration in another state.
Under the regulatory architecture framed by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), all state registering authorities operate through the centralized Vahan 4.0 database engine managed by the National Informatics Centre (NIC). This system guarantees that every vehicular transaction is logged into a unified, cryptographically secure ledger visible across national police, transport, and insurance networks.
Statutory Rule Reference
Form 28 (Application and Grant of No Objection Certificate) in triplicate
Eligibility Criteria
Any vehicle owner relocating permanently to another Indian state or selling a vehicle to a buyer registered in a different RTO jurisdiction.
2. Step-by-Step Procedure (Online & Offline)
Follow this sequential procedure to ensure zero rejection by the Motor Vehicle Inspector (MVI):
Clear Pending Challans & Tax Dues
NOC cannot be issued if any traffic violation or unpaid tax exists on the vehicle.
Apply on Parivahan for Form 28
Select "Application for NOC", specify destination state and destination RTO office code, and submit details.
Police Crime Bureau Clearance
RTO automatically checks the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) database to ensure the vehicle is not stolen or involved in crime.
Inspection & File Verification
Submit physical Form 28 copies with chassis imprint at the source RTO if required.
Receipt of NOC
RTO signs and issues 2 certified copies of Form 28, valid for re-registering the vehicle in the destination state.
3. Mandatory Documents Checklist
Every applicant must assemble the following documentation before visiting the RTO or completing digital file upload:
- Original RC Book / Smart Card
- Form 28 in triplicate with chassis pencil impressions on each copy
- Police Clearance Certificate / Crime Record Bureau report
- Valid Insurance Policy Certificate
- Valid Pollution Under Control (PUC) Certificate
- Up-to-date Motor Vehicle Tax payment receipts
- Financier NOC if vehicle is on hire-purchase/hypothecation
- Owner ID proof and address proof of destination state
4. State-Specific Variations & Local RTO Rules
Road tax refund procedures from the originating state vary; states like Karnataka and Maharashtra require separate refund applications after re-registration in the new state.
5. Statutory Penalties & Late Fees
Driving beyond 12 months in a new state without re-registration invites heavy local road tax penalties and impounding.
6. Electronic Record Validity (DigiLocker / mParivahan)
Inter-state Vahan integration allows destination RTOs to digitally confirm the authenticity of Form 28 directly from the central database.